Animal models of pulmonary hypertension are consistently characterized by adventitial/peri-vascular accumulation of leukocytes, and in particular mononuclear cells

Stenmark {KR},Yeager M,Riddle S,El Kasmi {KC},Frid {MG},Li M,{McKinsey} T.Targeting the adventitial microenvironment in pulmonary hypertension: A potential approach to therapy that considers epigenetic change. [Internet]. 2012 ;2:3. Available from:http://www.pulmonarycirculation.org/text.asp?2012/2/1/3/94817

Animal models of pulmonary hypertension are consistently characterized by adventitial/peri-vascular accumulation of leukocytes, and in particular mononuclear cells. (A) Illustrates the accumulation of mononuclear cells/macrophages in the adventitial/ perivascular regions of chronically hypoxic rats, calves, and mice. (B) Perivascular accumulation of mononuclear cells (CD14+ cells) is observed in the human patient with iPAH. (C) Mouse models of pulmonary hypertension, including transgenic VIP/ mice, adiponectin (APN) deficient mice, IL-6 transgenic mice, and the BMPR2 mutated mouse model all exhibit perivascular accumulation of leukocytes.

Additional keywords: leukocyte,macrophages

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Authors

Kurt R Stenmark

Michael Yeager

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