• When should a PH patient be considered for lung transplant? John Granton 
• Atrial septum defect creation or mechanical support for end-stage PAH Erika Rosenzweig 
• Lung and Heart-lung Transplant in 2021 – how well do PAH patients do? Eugene Golts
• Pluripotent stem cell-based approaches and the future of artificial lungs Ulrich Martin
• Timing and extent of ventricular reverse remodelling after lung transplant for PH Ryan Tedford 

An article from the PVRI IDDI Emerging Technologies Working Group by Peter Fernandes

• MicroRNAs and IncRNAs in right heart hypertrophy and failure Francois Potus
• LncRNA as biomarkers/therapeutic agents for pulmonary diseases - prospective view Stephen Chen 
• Epigenomics in pulmonary vascular remodelling Soni Savai-Pullamsetti 
• Multiomic tools for single cell analysis Herbert Schiller
• Proteomics: From discovery research toward the clinic - novel AI perspectives? Christopher Rhodes 

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a frequent finding in advanced COPD. Usually pulmonary pressure is only mildly elevated, but a subgroup of patients develops severe PH, arbitrarily defined as mean pulmonary pressure (mPAP) ≥35 mmHg)...

• Role of notch1 in experimental pulmonary hypertension Ralph Schermuly
• Notch-BMPR interactions in endothelium in PAH Marlene Rabinovitch
• Notch3 is a driver and biomarker for PAH Patricia Thistlethwaite 
• Notch3 lineage and pulmonary vasculopathy Maya Kumar 

• A hopeless cause: The pulmonary vasculature is largely gone and irredeemable in PAH, Peter Dorfmüller
• Remnants of lost pulmonary vasculature may be re-engaged in PAH, Duncan Stewart
• Patients with mild pulmonary hypertension (mPAP 21-24) should be treated with PAH approved drugs, David Systrom
• Patients with mild pulmonary hypertension (mPAP 21-24) should NOT be treated with PAH approved drugs, Roham Zamanian

• The right ventricle in HFpEF, Marco Guazzi
• Genetic aspects in group2 PH, Mark Toshner 
• Exercise haemodynamics in heart failure: what can we learn from invasive CPET? Gabor Kovacs 
• Systemic consequences and interorgan cross-talk in heart failure and PH, Stephan Rosenkranz
• The natriuretic peptide Clearance receptor selectively causes right ventricular dysfunction in a model of pulmonary hypertension and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, Vineet Agrawal 
• N-Lysine methyltransferase Smyd2-mediated HIF-1A stabilization plays a protective role in RV hypertrophy, Swathi Veeroju

• Update from the Fleischner Society Task Force for imaging in pulmonary hypertension, Martine Rémy-Jardin
• Molecular imaging of pulmonary vascular disease using microvascular endothelial cell ligands, Jocelyn Dupuis
• MRI to assess pulmonary vascular changes and PH progression, Jens Vogel-Claussen
• Xenon magnetic resonance imaging signatures of PH, Sudarshan Rajagopal 
• Synchrotron-based phase contrast micro-CT imaging of pulmonary vascular disease in human tissue and animal models, Karin Tran-Lundmark 

• Therapeutically targeting endothelial cell metabolic dysfunction in pulmonary arterial hypertension with apigenin, Iona Cuthbertson
• Epigenome-wide profiling uncovers novel gene regulatory networks in human pulmonary arterial hypertension, Prakash Chelladurai
• Implication of the histone methyltransferase “g9a” in pulmonary arterial hypertension, Charifa Awada 
• Perinatal exposure to serotonin re-uptake inhibitor causes mild pulmonary hypertension in adult female rats, Barbora Kaftanová 
• Endothelial overexpression of sirt3 protects the metabolic etiology in PAH, Anandharajan Rathinasabapath
• Axl is a novel modulator of bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 in pulmonary arterial hypertension, Tatyana Novoyatleva 
• Equivalent outcomes for hereditary and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension in children; an analysis from a national Australian registry, Katherine Kearney Graham 
• Effect of macitentan across prognostic age groups in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), Richard Channick
• Validation of artificial intelligence artery-vein Classification for Contrast CT imaging in PH subjects, Pietro Nardelli
• Efficacy in patient subgroups in the INCREASE Trial, a phase III Trial to evaluate inhaled Treprostinil in patients with pulmonary hypertension due to parenchymal Lung Disease, Victor Tapson
• Acetazolamide and high altitude pulmonary edema prevention, Erik Swenson 
• Telomeric Tankyrases: a novel and propitious target to ameliorate the maladaptation phenomena at heights, Manjula Miglani 

It has become increasingly clear in the last two decades, thanks to epidemiological studies and clinical trials, that Group 3 pulmonary hypertension is in fact a constellation of different and varied phenotypes.